5 Annotated Bibliography from Books and Journals

1 Sen, Amartya. (2001) The Many Faces Of Gender Inequality. New Republic, 225(12), 35-41.

Summary:
This research focuses on the different forms of gender inequality around the world. It includes mortality inequality, natality inequality, ownership inequality, and household inequality between men and women. This article also talks about the reasons behind these inequalities. At the end of the paper, the author gives suggestion on how gender bias can eradicated.

Note:
1. "Gender inequality exists in most parts of the world, from Japan to Morocco, from Uzbekistan to the United States. Yet inequality between women and men is not everywhere the same. It can take many different forms. Gender inequality is not one homogeneous phenomenon, but a collection of disparate and inter-linked problems." (Sen,2001,Paragraph2)
2.According to Sen(2001), there are different forms of gender inequality in the world. In varied nations, there are dissimilar kinds of gender inequality problems.
3. From Sen's (2001) report, there semms to be many kinds of gender inequality problems inthe society that we live. The reason for the gender inequality problems is not totally the same.
4. Generally this article is readable and the author is believable. The author received the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1998.

Relationship with my topic---What I think?
1. The idea of paragraph 2 can be used in the part of explaining the reason of why gender inequality is caused.
2. The 7th and 9th paragraph of this article is useful. These two paragraphs explain the professional inequality and the household inequality between the genders. There are many useful and supporting observations and examples for my research paper.
3. In the third part of the article, there are gender inequality problems that happen in South Asia. These problems might be the examples in my research paper.

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2 Call Number: 305.4 T553
Tsui, Yi-Lan (Elaine). (1987) Are Married Daughters "Spilled Water"?-A Study of Working Women in Urban Taiwan. Taipei, Taiwan: National Taiwan University.

Summary:
In this book, Tsui studied the process of women's changing roles through time in a patrilineal society. First, she explained the change of women's position in the society such as their role of the Taiwanese society and economics. Then she took the educated females as the interviewers of this paper, and tried to figure out what would be changed when the female role was different frrom the past. At the end of the paper, the author found that there were new negative effects to the traditional social structure when the female role was changed.

Note:
1. "Traditionally, Chinese women in general are subordinate to men. Women's activities were restricted to their homes, while men involved themselves in the world beyond the domestic sphere. Women were praised for being obedient, timid, and reserved rather than being assertive and independent. Education has always been highly praised in Chinese society. Chinese parents, however usually consider educating daughters beyond the needs of household management unnecessary and even harmful." (Lang, 1946:47,212)
2. According to Tsui, Chinese traditional concept of female is subordinate to men, so daughtrs are encouraged to do the domestic work instead of studying as their brothers do. Tsui thinks that it is because a dauther is lost when she marries to another family after marriage. Therefore, parents give less finance and education to their daughters.

The relationship with my topic---What I think?
From Tsui's report, I found out that because the social condition in Taiwan in the 80th was not very decent for female to work. Therefore, parents gave less support to their daughters and made daughters had no opportunity to learn more working ability.

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3 Wang, Alice. (1998) Taiwan and social liberalism:Doomed marriage or match made in heaven? Washington Quarterly, 21, 13-17.

Summary:
This article examines social liberalism in Taiwan. Asian values are still important to Taiwanese society. For example, Chinese will date with someone who wants to get married instead of just hook up another. In other words, the implications of gender equality are related to traditional Chinese culture. In this compostition, the author also talks about the status of feminism in the country.

Note:
1. "First, though still embeded in "Asian values," Taiwan is beginning to question its traditional views on gender relations. and second, the idea that East and West are starkly dualistic forces is simply wrong. Taiwan is not merely a foil for the West but a complex society struggling to crystallize its priorities amidst a swirl of cultural confusion."
2. "Just 10 minutes into the show I could draw up a conventional list of "Asian values" still permeating Taiwanese society filial piety, patriarchy, work ethic, fatalism, respect for tradition, conservative views on sex. But by the end of the show it was also obvious that the Taiwanese have begun to question their traditional assumptions about gender relations."
3."Yet social reforms lag behind, especially in the area of gender equity. Until the 1985 revision of the Book of Family in the Civil Code, women had no rights to matrimonial property and were essentially unable to file for divorce. Even the 1985 revision did not apply retroactively and left a "patrilocal residence" clause to close off the divorce option for women abandoned by their husbands. Until 1994 Taiwanese divorce laws practically required judges to award child custody to fathers. Even now, proving spousal abuse requires a woman to present certificates from a hospital demonstrating that she has been injured by her husband at least three times within the past three months."

Relationship with my topic----What I think?
According to Wang, Chinese people are restricted to Chinese concept. Although the traditional concepts are old and respectable, there are some false ideas in them In the article, the author mentions the unfair situation for women in different times. Therefore, we have to change some the false traditional concepts.

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4 Chao, Elaine. (2005) A Study In Social Change. Critical Asian Studies, 37, 29-51.

Summary:
This paper mainly discusses the improvement of altering the situation of domestic violence. Ethnographic research on the origins, development, and operations of the domestic violence prevention movement shows how individuals from diverse backgrounds acted collectively to achieve this social reversal. In 1998, the domestic violent culminted in the Domstic Violence Prevention and Treatment Act. The domestic violence prevention movement in Taiwan provides a valuable case study of social change and a model for other East Asian countries interested in passing similar legislation.

Note:
1. "Taiwan has dramatically improved its response to domestic violence within the last fifteen years, becoming the first East Asian country to pass major legislation criminalizing domestic violence." (Chao, 2005)
2. According to Chao, the phenomena of domestic volence have decreased. There are many efforts made by many feminist social networks. There is the reason of growing economics. Therefore, the domestic violence has decreased.

Relationship with my topic---What I think?
The improvement of altering domestic violence in Taiwan is a very precious experience. It takes a long time to reach the goal. However, there are still omissive points that we can do to wipe out domestic violence.

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5 Marsh, Robert M. (1998) Gender and Pay in Taiwan. International Journal of Comparative Sociology,39, 115.

Summary:
Present information which relates to the discrimination among women and men employees in Taiwan, in regard to salaries attained by both sexes. According to Marsh's research in 1963 and 1991, there is not significant change of supporting "equal pay for queal work" despite of massive economic development and social modernization. Marsh explained that there were three set of hypothesized causal variables: a person's objective status, subjective life chances, and involvement in the kinship system.

Note:
1. "In Taiwan as in the United States, even in the same industry and work status there is an earnings gap between men and women." (Marsh, 1998)
2 .According to Marsh, no matter in Taiwan or in U.S., there are gender inequalities in the professional field. Women always have to face the the difficulities such as low payment.

Relationship with my topic---What do I think?
From Marsh's article, an abvious obstacles for women in their professional fields can be easily discovered. The obstacle, low pay for women, can be seen as part of gender inequality.